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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrsml.v8.i12.1
Syed Feroze Ahamed
Asst. Professor
Anjuman-E-Islam’s
Nehru Arts Science and Commerce College, Ganthikeri, Hubli, Karnataka-580020
Orcid id https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7200-9631
Abstract— Plants economically relevant contribute to food security, industrial supply of raw materials, and subsistence livelihoods but are faced with threats related to environmental variability, biotic stresses, and shrinking agricultural land areas. Although classical breeding proved to be successful in the past, it has been shown to be slow and often fails to respond to changes in environment. In this review, the available novel biotechnological tools (including marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomics-assisted breeding, in vitro propagation through tissue culture techniques, and CRISPR/Cas based genome editing) which altogether contribute to accelerating and improving genetically improved crop plants are considered. A multi-tiered framework is suggested which includes molecular marker screening, in vitro regeneration of plantlets, and genome editing of target genes and is assessed according to the published literature in terms of traits fidelity, time-to-cultivar, and cost-effectiveness. The comparative analysis shows that integrated frameworks with the application of both genomic selection and genome editing greatly reduce breeding cycles compared to classical pedigree breeding, increasing the accuracy of traits introgression.
Keywords— CRISPR/Cas9, genomics-assisted breeding, marker-assisted selection, plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, sustainable agriculture
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