Comparing Comprehension of Medical Terms in Sanskritized vs. Colloquial Hindi

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Prof. (Dr) David Brown

School of Computing and AI

University of Edinburgh Global Campus, UK

Abstract— Health information in India is often communicated in Hindi, yet messaging alternates between highly Sanskritized vocabulary (e.g., hridayroga, kshudra-jwara) and colloquial or Hindustani forms (e.g., dil ki bimaari, bukhaar). This study compares comprehension of medical terms framed in Sanskritized Hindi versus colloquial Hindi among adult Hindi speakers. Grounded in health-literacy and plain-language theory, we conducted a between-subjects, randomized experiment (N = 240; 18–65 years, stratified by education and age). Participants received one of two term lists (24 items): a Sanskritized set and a semantically equivalent colloquial set. Primary outcome was comprehension accuracy (multiple-choice and explain-in-own-words scoring); secondary outcomes were response time and perceived cognitive load. Analysis used chi-square tests and mixed-effects logistic regression with random intercepts for participant and item, adjusting for age, gender, education, urban/rural residence, and prior health-system exposure. Results show significantly higher comprehension for colloquial terms overall (79.8%) versus Sanskritized (62.5%), odds ratio (OR) ≈ 2.35, p < .001. Effects were strongest among participants with ≤12th-grade education (Δ = 23.9 percentage points) and among adults ≥35 years (Δ = 18.1 pp). Response times were faster for colloquial phrasing (Δ ≈ 2.3 s), and perceived cognitive load was lower. Interaction analyses indicated that education moderated the language effect, while gender and urbanicity did not.

Keywords

Health Literacy, Hindi, Sanskritization, Plain Language, Medical Terminology, Comprehension, Risk Communication, Readability

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